history of linux and unix

COMPUTER HISTORYHistory of UNIX / Linux and other variants
Yea
Event
1957
Bell Labs found they needed an operating system for their computer center which at the time was running various batch jobs. The BESYS operating system was created at Bell Labs to deal with these needs.
1965
Bell Labs was adopting third generation computer equipment and decided to join forces with General Electric and MIT to create Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service).
1969
By April 1969, AT&T made a decision to withdraw Multics and go with GECOS. When Multics was withdrawn Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie needed to rewrite an operating system in order to play space travel on another smaller machine (a DEC PDP-7 [Programmed Data Processor 4K memory for user programs). The result was a system which a punning colleague called UNICS (UNiplexed Information and Computing Service)--an 'emasculated Multics'.
1969
Summer 1969 UNIX was developed.
1969
Linus Torvalds is born.
1971
First edition of UNIX released 11/03/1971. The first edition of the "UNIX PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL [by] K. Thompson [and] D. M. Ritchie" is also dated "November 3, 1971". It includes over 60 commands like: b (compile B program); boot (reboot system); cat (concatenate files); chdir (change working directory); chmod (change access mode); chown (change owner); cp (copy file); ls (list directory contents); mv (move or rename file); roff (run off text); wc (get word count); who (who is one the system). The main thing missing was pipes.
1972
Second edition of UNIX released 12/06/1972
1972
Ritchie rewrote B and called the new language C.
1973
UNIX had been installed on 16 sites (all within AT&T/Western Electric); it was publically unveiled at a conference in October.
1973
Third edition of UNIX released February 1973
1973
Forth edition of UNIX released November 1973
1974
Fifth edition of UNIX released June 1974
1974
Thompson went to UC Berkeley to teach for a year, Bill Joy arrived as a new graduate student. Frustrated with ed, Joy developed a more featured editor em.
1975
Sixth edition of UNIX released May 1975
1975
Bourne shell is introduced begins being added onto.
1977
1BSD released late 1977
1978
2BSD released mid 1978
1979
Seventh edition of UNIX released January 1979
1979
3BSD released late 1979
1979
SCO founded by Doug and Larry Michels as UNIX porting and consulting company.
1980
4.0BSD released October 1980
1982
SGI introduces IRIX.
1983
SCO delivers its first packaged UNIX system called SCO XENIX System V for Intel 8086 and 8088 processor-based PCs.
1984
Ultrix 1.0 was released.
1985
Eighth edition of UNIX released February 1985
1985
The GNU manifesto is published in the March 1985 issue of Dr. Dobb's Journal. The GNU project starts a year and a half later.
1986
HP-UX 1.0 released.
1986
Ninth edition of UNIX released September 1986
1987
Sun and AT&T lay the groundwork for business computing in the next decade with an alliance to develop UNIX System V Release 4.
1988
HP-UX 2.0 released.
1988
HP-UX 3.0 released.
1989
SCO ships SCO UNIX System V/386, the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark.
1989
HP-UX 7.0 released.
1989
Tenth edition of UNIX released October 1989
1990
AIX short for Advanced Interactive eXecutive was first entered into the market by IBM February 1990.
1991
Sun unveils Solaris 2 operating environment, specially tuned for symetric multiprocessing.
1991
Linux is introduced by Linus Torvalds, a student in Finland. Who post to the comp.os.minix newsgroup with the words:
Hello everybody out there using minix -
I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.
1991
HP-UX 8.0 released.
1991
BSD/386 ALPHA First code released to people outside BSDI 12/xx/1991
1992
HP-UX 9.0 released.
1993
NetBSD 0.8 released 04/20/1993
1993
FreeBSD 1.0 released December of 1993
1994
Red Hat Linux is introduced.
1994
Caldera, Inc was founded in 1994 by Ransom Love and Bryan Sparks.
1994
NetBSD 1.0 released 10/26/1994
1995
FreeBSD 2.0 released 01/xx/1995
1995
SCO acquires UNIX Systems source technology business from Novell Corporation (which had acquired it from AT&T's UNIX System Laboratories). SCO also acquires UnixWare 2 operating system from Novell.
1995
HP-UX 10.0 released.
1995
4.4 BSD Lite Release 2 the true final distribution from the CSRG 06/xx/1995
1996
KDE is started to be developed by Matthias Ettrich
1997
HP-UX 11.0 released.
1997
Caldera ships OpenLinux Standard 1.1 May 5, 1997, the second offering in Caldera's OpenLinux product line
1998
IRIX 6.5 the fifth generation of SGI UNIX is released July 6, 1998.
1998
SCO delivers UnixWare 7 operating system.
1998
Sun Solaris 7 operating system released.
1998
FreeBSD 3.0 released 10/16/1998
2000
FreeBSD 4.0 released 03/13/2000
2000
Caldera Systems Inc. announces that Caldera Systems has entered into agreement to acquire the SCO Server Software Division and the Professional Services Division.
2001
Microsoft files a trademark suit against Lindows.com in December.
2004
Lindows changes it's name to Linspire April 14, 2004.